The Taj Mahal monument's marble (calcium carbonate) corrodes with time, as a result of acid rain's acids reacting with it. Acid rain-induced marble cancer is the progressive degradation (or eating away) of marble monuments.
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Damage to Taj Mahal due to Acid Rain
The Taj Mahal in Agra is a stunning historical structure composed of pure white marble. Experts have warned that air pollution in the vicinity of the Taj Mahal is discolouring and progressively corroding its white marble. This endangers the Taj Mahal’s beauty.
The Mathura Oil Refinery at Agra, as well as numerous industries in and around Agra, release gaseous pollutants into the air, such as sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, which cause acid rain. Acid rain’s acids react with the marble (calcium carbonate) of the Taj Mahal monument, progressively corroding it.
Agra has several factories that release sulphur and nitrogen oxides into the environment. People continue to utilise low-quality coal and firewood as residential fuel, exacerbating the situation. Acid rain reacts with marble (calcium carbonate) as follows:
H2SO4 + CaCO3 → CaSO4 + H2O + CO2
Marble cancer refers to the gradual deterioration (or eating away) of a monument’s marble caused by acid rain. The suspended particulate matter, such as soot particles, released in the smoke from the Mathura Oil Refinery discolours the Taj Mahal’s pristine white marble, making it yellowish.
To combat air pollution, the Supreme Court of India has ordered that all businesses in Agra convert to cleaner fuels such as CNG and LPG. Air pollution affects not just living things (such as humans, other land animals, aquatic creatures such as fish, trees and crop plants, etc.), but also non-living objects (such as soil, sculptures, buildings, and historical monuments)
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